Chest pain is a common symptom of esophageal achalasia and markedly lowers patient’s quality of life. However, some patients continue to experience chest pain a
Per Oral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM) is a less invasive alternative to laparoscopic Heller myotomy for patients with achalasia. While a partial fundoplication is often
The recent development of micro-endoscopic imaging tools opened a new door of medical modalities and opportunities of capturing images in a minima
A 55-year-old man presented with acute onset of dysphagia following a meal which consisted of rice and octopus. He reported vomiting immediately after congestion of food/liquid thereafter. No other
Intraoperative endoscopy (IOE) was first described in the late 1960s and is regarded as the gold standard for complete evaluation of the small bowel. However,