Bile duct cannulation
Sometimes bile duct cannulation requires orientation of the cannula in a cephalad direction. This can be accomplished by using a sphincterotome. Tightening the cutting wire bows the cannula upward and produces a more cephalad orientation for the tip of th
Proper cannulation angle
The proper cannulation angle for the pancreatic duct is nearly at right angles to the duodenal wall, while bile cannulation requires a more cephalad orientation.
Retracting the stomach cephalad
The stomach is retracted cephalad as the transverse colon is retracted caudad while the omentum is divided with the harmonic scalpel.