View of Pylorus
View of pylorus. Bubbles indicating bile provide a clue to the location of the distal stomach when orientation of the side-viewing endoscope is difficult.
PEG tube
The PEG tube is pulled back into the stomach. Endoscopic verification of placement is essential.
Transillumination and finger depression
A. Transillumination and finger depression of the abdominal wall confirm juxtaposition of the inflated stomach and the anterior abdominal wall. B. The site selected will generally be approximately halfway between costal margin and umbilicus.
Patient Positioning
With the patient in the left lateral decubitus position, the endoscopist facing the patient, and the scope relaxed as described in the text, entry into the stomach will generally give a view oriented with the lesser curvature at 12 o’clock, the greater cu
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
A. The endoscope is advanced down the relatively straight esophagus until the lower esophageal sphincter is identified. B. The lower esophageal sphincter often coincides with the transition from squamous epithelium (white) of the esophagus to mucosa (pink