from esophageal and gastric perforation carries a high morbidity and often requires surgical intervention. In spite of the promising early results from esophageal stenting, migration of the stent con
is evolving as an improved technique and an alternative to NOTES. The impossibility to use assistants impairs the the adequate retraction of gallbladder fundus. We have developed a novel self-retaini
quest to minimize pain and scarring from surgical access has led to the development of novel techniques and surgical platforms. Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) emerged as a re
of a cutting line based on an anatomical characteristic of the patient is essential for laparoscopic hepatectomy certain safely, but there is little navigation system and needs much time in detailed
surgery has problems associated with two-dimensional image projection and loss of alignment between the surgeon’s hands and visual field. Data from the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endosc