with open surgical procedures, laparoscopic repair of paraesophageal hernias (PEH) has been associated with a more rapid recovery, a shorter hospital stay, less pain, and fewer perioperative complica
etipathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes immunologic, genetic and environmental factors. In addition to the colon, frequent extra-intestinal alterations related to pancreas and he
performance during laparoscopic procedures requires that the rotation of the camera, and thus the image, be kept to a minimum to maintain a stable horizon (Conrad et al., 2006). Although, lumino