Commercially available laparoscopic systems with IndoCyanine Green Fluorescence allow an intraoperative angiographic view of vasculature. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is t
Endoscopic thyroidectomy has opened a new corridor in the minimal invasive frontier. Injury to the parathyroid glands and inadvertent hemorrhage still remains one of the prime concerns of the proce
Splenic congenital epidermoid cysts are rarely seen and 3% of all splenic cysts. Despite not constituting a problem if they are small in size, they might become sympt
Laparoscopic splenectomy for hematological conditions is the standard method for splenectomy. One of the potential rare complications following laparoscopic splenecto
Laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) is the “gold standard” approach for benign adrenal tumours. Retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy (RA) for left adrenal gland