objective evaluation may lead to an improved understanding of surgical dexterity. Previous research has identified the discriminating power of simple measures such as instrument path length and motio
purpose of this study was to evaluate technical and non-technical operative skills of professional surgeons in real clinical settings, performing open and laparoscopic general surgical procedures. Th
laparoscopic surgical procedures increase in complexity, surgeons may find themselves with the laparoscope opposite to their laparoscopic instruments, thus creating the paradoxical viewpoint. We asse
to laparoscopic surgery during medical school has increased over recent years. The Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) simulator allows for objective assessment of laparoscopic skill. The goal
participation in advanced laparoscopic operations requiring significant learning curve has become commonplace during early phase of surgical training. Previous study on laparoscopic cholecystectomy h