Direct endoscopic ligation of internal hemorrhoids
Direct endoscopic ligation of internal hemorrhoids. A. The endoscopist positions the ligator in contact with the hemorrhoid about 1 cm above he dentate line. B. Endoscopic suction draws the hemorrhoid into the banding cylinder. C. The elastic O-ring is ej
Assuring Internal Reflection
A. Internal reflection is assured by cladding each fiber with a coating of high refractive index. Virtually all light is reflected back and forth within the fiber with little loss. B. The image produced by a fiberoptic endoscope is composed of a multitude